This Day in History, July 1, 2023

July 1, 1311: Birth of Liu Bowen, a military strategist, politician, and poet of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties

July 1, 1832: Jardine Matheson established

July 1, 1853: Birth of Zhang Jian, the only top scholar in Chinese history to abandon his official post and become a successful entrepreneur

July 1, 1898: Britain forcibly leases Weihaiwei

July 1, 1900: Fierce battle between Qing troops, the Boxer Rebellion, and the Eight-Nation Alliance in Tianjin

July 1, 1917: Zhang Xun's restoration

July 1, 1919: Establishment of the China Youth Society

July 1, 1921: Anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party

July 1, 1925: Establishment of the Guangdong Nationalist Government

July 1, 1928: The Bund Park in Shanghai opens to the public

July 1, 1931: Chiang Kai-shek launches the Third Encirclement Campaign

July 1, 1933: Ji Hongchang leads the Allied Army in recapturing Duolun, bringing national relief

July 1, 1941: Wang Jingwei's government's Pacification Committee begins implementing the "Pacification Campaign"

July 1, 1941: The world's first television commercial airs in New York

July 1, 1947: The Northeast Democratic Allied Forces launch a counteroffensive

July 1, 1949: Mao Zedong publishes "On People's Democratic Dictatorship" in the People's Daily

July 1, 1952: The Chengdu-Chongqing Railway is completed and opens to traffic

July 1, 1958: Red Flag magazine first proposes the name "People's Commune"

July 1, 1961: The Chinese Revolution Museum opens

July 1, 1966: France withdraws from the integrated military structure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

July 1, 1967: Merger of the three institutions of the European Community

July 1, 1968: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons signed

July 1, 1975: China and Thailand establish diplomatic relations

July 1, 1980: China begins promoting the postal code system

July 1, 1982: The third national census shows that China's population exceeds one billion

July 1, 1983: Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping published

July 1, 1988: Air China officially established

July 1, 1996: The world's first voluntary euthanasia law comes into effect

July 1, 1997: Establishment of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

July 1, 1999: Establishment of ten major groups of national defense science and technology industry

July 1, 2001: Celebrating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Party, Jiang Zemin expounds on the "Three Represents"

July 1, 2001: Construction of the Longtan Hydropower Station, a significant landmark project of "West-to-East Electricity Transmission", begins

July 1, 2003: Theoretical symposium on the important thought of "Three Represents" opens in Beijing

July 1, 2004: Guangzhou wins the right to host the 16th Asian Games in 2010

July 1, 2006: The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is successfully completed and opens to traffic

July 1, 2008: The State Council's "Regulations on the Protection of Historically and Culturally Famous Cities, Towns, and Villages" officially comes into effect

July 1, 2015: China establishes the constitutional oath-taking system

July 1, 2018: The US-Canada trade war officially begins